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A few
illnesses have their own season. Winter is the season for flu. Every year
during this season, millions of people suffer from flu. Also in winter, a
major part of absentees of school or work may be victims of flu. Even though
it can affect all age groups, children are common victims. As it is more
contagious, one after another may fall sick at school/home.
Influenza, commonly called flu, is a highly infectious viral infection of the
respiratory tract. Many people often confuse flu with common cold – in simple
terms, an intensified cold with fever can be called flu. It can cause mild to
severe illness and sometimes even prove fatal.
Causes
and contagiousness
Influenza can be caused by different types of influenza virus, i.e., A, B
& C. The viruses can be further classified into different serotypes,
based on their antibody response. Now the widespread pandemic swine flu (H1N1)
is one among them. Even though influenza viruses can attack at any season,
they are common and virulent in winter and spring.
The spread of infection is usually through aerosols created by coughing and
sneezing. Further, it can also spread by shaking hands, kissing, sharing
contaminated clothes/objects, touching polluted surfaces, etc. Influenza
viruses can be inactivated by heat/sunlight/soaps/disinfectants. As the virus
can be inactivated by soap, frequent hand washing is commonly advised to
reduce the chances of infection.
Symptoms
and Duration
of complaints usually differ from patient to
patient. Symptoms usually start abruptly with fever overnight after
infection. Intensified suffering period can persist up to 3-5 days. But
weakness and residual cough can last up to 2 weeks. Common symptoms are
- Fever with
headache (with or without shivers)
- Running
nose/stuffy nose/nasal block
- Fatigue/body
ache/joint pain/restlessness
- Nausea and
vomiting
- Sneezing
- Throat pain/sore
throat/hoarseness
- Cough with or
without expectoration
- Loss of appetite
and taste
- Flare-up of asthma
(if sufferer has the tendency)
Emergency
symptoms
- Signs of
dehydration - Thirsty and dryness of body, tongue and skin
- Continuous high
fever for more than three days
- Blabbering or
confusion or delirium
- Difficulty in
breathing
- Slow down of
respiratory rate (common in the case of pneumonia and pleurisy) and fast
breathing
- Frequent loose
stools
- Stiff neck or
seizures
Peoples
at risk
- Elderly persons
- Toddlers
- People suffering
from asthma
- Immune deficiency
persons
Factors
favouring repeated infection
- Damp weather
- Repeated exposure
to cold and cold drinks
- Close contact with
sufferers
- Allergic tendency
(sensitive to pollen or dust or cold climate)
- Structural changes
in the nose/sinuses/throat
- Tonsilitis and
swollen adenoids
Further
repeated infection is more common with premature babies and in children who
take cough syrups constantly or often.
Complications
Complications
occur mostly in untreated cases, allergic patients and smokers. Further, one
should be aware that repeated infection can provide the base for sinusitis,
nasal polyp, post-nasal drips, adenoids, tonsilitis, bronchitis (lower
respiratory tract infection), primary complex, asthma, pneumonia, middle ear
infection (CSOM), etc. To avoid complications, one need should go for
treatment as early as possible.
Diagnosis
and investigations
It is
very important to cut short the course and spread of the underlying disease.
Usually, discharge/sputum gives a clue for diagnosis with quantity,
consistency, colour, odour and thickness. One needs to rush for treatment in
case of purulent or blood-stained sputum. Yellow or green discharge with
odour indicates added bacterial infection. If cold and cough persists for
more than a week, it is better to go for proper analysis and treatment with
the following tests:
- X-ray of
para-nasal sinuses - to rule out sinusitis
- X-ray of chest -
to rule out pneumonia or pleurisy or tuberculosis
- Microscopic
examination of sputum - to reveal causative bacteria
- Complete blood
count to analyse any complications
- Throat swab and
culture - to find infective bacteria
- Routine blood and
urine investigation often helps diagnose. Peripheral smear can be done
to diagnose malaria and filaria when the fever is high.
Mantoux test and sputum for AFB can be done to diagnose tuberculosis
infection.
Blood culture and widal test can be done to diagnose typhoid after three
days.
Bile salts and bile pigments can be done to diagnose jaundice.
Prevention
The
most important measure to prevent flu is to improve immunity through good
health and maintaining personal hygiene. Further, one can easily prevent flu
by frequent hand washing, as this can wash away bacteria and viruses that one
might have acquired from touching contaminated things. Also, one should avoid
sharing things/towels/glasses, if someone in the family has flu.
Avoid
Ø Contact with infected sick persons
Ø Smoking and dust exposure
Ø Cold/frozen food items
Ø Watching TV
Ø Mental strain
Ø Alcohol, coffee, tea and soft drinks
Take
- Rest with good
ventilation
- Sponge bath with
lukewarm water when fever is high
- Plenty of warm
fluids
- Frequent light and
small meal to combat vomiting and weakness
- Proper treatment
Treatment
As most of the sufferers recover on their own with rest
and anti–pyretic drugs (Paracetamol, Crocin, etc.) people neglect proper
treatment from qualified health professionals. Also, people depend on
over-the-counter drugs like analgesics (for relief of pain), anti-histamine
drugs (for allergic sneezing) and cough syrups (for arresting the irritating
cough). Here one needs to be aware that one does not need antibiotic
treatment unless the situation requires it (i.e., influenza is caused by a
virus and so antibiotics have no effect on these types of infections). Cough
syrups can sometimes aggravate the complaints (with wheeze) or sometimes
provide platform for recurrent infection with dilatation of lungs. Further,
children and teenagers with flu symptoms (particularly fever) should avoid
taking aspirin during an influenza infection (especially for influenza
type-B), because doing so can lead to Reye’s syndrome (fatal disease
affecting liver). No one can escape from prolongation of illness or
complications if they happen to ignore proper care/treatment in the initial
period.
Homeopathic
approach
Homeopathy is the finger-post on the cross-roads of healing which
directs the way to safe and permanent cure. Homoeopathy has no side-effects.
It comforts modern living. While taking anti-pyretic drugs, there won’t be a
comfort feeling even after the fever subsides. But everyone can feel the
well-being sensation while being treated by Homeopathy medicines even when
there is fever as healing begins by the natural defence mechanism. In
Homeopathy, the patient’s appetite and thirst improve first to energise the
body for getting better, i.e. Homeopathy treats the patient in all ways.
In spite of a wide variety of viruses, to remain healthy, raised immune
mechanism and good health are must. For that, Homeopathy can surely help; so
if you suffer recurrently from flu or flu-like symptoms, it is better to get
treated with Homeopathy. In Homeopathy, we treat patients (symptoms of the
patients) and not the disease or viruses, i.e., Homeopathy deals more with
patients than diseases. Homeopathy treats constitutionally and improves
immunity. For remarkable improvement and overall immunity, if one happens to
take Homeopathy treatment, recurrence and sufferings can be reduced
drastically.
Homeopathic medicines commonly used in complaints of common cold are Aconite,
Ars Alb, Ars iod, Anti-tart, Bacillinum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Calc carb,
Corallium, Gelsemium, Hepar sulph, Kali bich, Kali-mur, Pulsatilla, Pyrogen,
Rhus tox, Sabadilla, Senega, Silicea, Nat-sulph, Nux vom, etc. These
medicines should be taken under the advice and diagnosis of a qualified
Homeopath.
for
new hope
Dr. S. Chidambaranathan, BHMS, MD (Homeo)
Laxmi Homeo Clinic
24 E. New Mahalipatti Road
Madurai, TN 625 001
India
Tel: +91-984-319-1011 (Mob / Whatsapp)
Clinic : +91-452-233-8833 |
E-mail: drcheena@gmail.com
(Disclaimer
- The contents of this column are for informational purpose only. The content
is not intended to be a substitute for professional healthcare advice,
diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of healthcare professional
for any health problem or medical condition.)
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